This is an easy knowledge , and not enough can be said for a safe journey in unknown areas . The first thing to understand is Hattush DIRECTION . North, South , and West . Pay attention to your compass and learn how North corner is something very important .There are many kinds of compass , there is a use by gluing on the map and there is also the use with memempelkan on our thumbs . Thumb compass ( compass viewfinder ) is widely used by the orienteer who is always moving fast , and this type of compass is usually normal use. But this is not a tutorial .
KNOW THE KOMPAS. arrows are colored red and black , which is also called a compass needle . And there are several other types of compasses that are red and white . But itinya , part red always indicates the direction of the magnetic north pole of the earth is . The basic thing is what should be understood first . And how if our goal is not to the North , but in the other direction ? A simple answer , which is on the compass there are parts that can be played which is also called the compass . On the upper side of the compass will be found a scale that shows the numbers 0 to 360 or from 0 samapai 400 . That 's all degree angle or bearing and we will also find letters of the alphabet N , S , W and E are defined as North ( North ) , South ( South ) , West ( West ) and East ( East ) . If we were heading towards diatara from two directions above , which is done is combine . For example we will be heading towards the North and West are diatara Northwestern : to do is , find the northwest corner on the compass , and turn the compass housing so that the northwest corner of the above are just the tip of the pointer on the compass direction . Hold the compass is flat with a compass needle that can spin freely , then rotate the body and hand to the northern part of the red compass needle sticking together with the north on the compass . Be careful because this part is very important to note . If the southern corner of the compass needle is attached to the house north compass , then it means we are running in the direction opposite of the direction we are heading . note this because a lot of beginners who make mistakes in this section . So always pay attention to make sure our position is correct .
The second prolem we call the local magnetic attraction .If we bring anything containing iron objects , this will allow the disruption of the compass needle . Even the staple on the map will allow the disruption of the compass needle . Ensure the absence of similar things around the compass above . Another thing that allows the magnetic disturbance on the ground which is also called magnetic deviation , but this rarely happens . This would be possible if we are to uplift mining minerals containing iron ore . If we are confident in the correct position , walk in the direction indicated by the signpost at the end of the compass . To avoid out of line , make sure to always keep an eye on the compass is continuous, let's say every hundred yards we always check the position of the compass . But this is sometimes quite tiring to continue down , the solution is to find something that is clear and easy object known in our trajectory and head to the point of there and then do the same thing again and not to deviate from our path point coordinates . But it will be even more important when we have a map . There are things that must be considered to avoid heading in the wrong direction , ie the Sun , in the late afternoon sun is roughly in South ( or North hemisphere sounthern region ) , so if you are heading north and get some sunshine on your face , it means you have to determine the direction again .
COMPASS WHEN WE NEED THIS TECHNIQUE ?
If we are open in nature without a map , and we did not know was where , but we are aware of any road , trail , small time , a river or something large or long -identifiable if we are heading in the right direction . And we know which direction to go, at least roughly which direction . Then you need to do is , point penujuk direction on the compass in the direction that will be addressed then rotate the compass so that the red compass needle sticking together with the northern part of the compass . Follow the steps above , but this is not enough , because it is not very accurate . we are heading in the right direction , and not going around in circles , but this is keberuntungankarena we find a point that can be recognized on this track . That's why it is not discussed declination . Since the declination is related to the use of the map . But if we can imagine a map and know what map it , do it. But guess we will not be so accurate so the declination does not make a difference . If we make the long journey to the unknown terrain , we should always bring a good map is a portrait of our goal area . Moreover, if we leave the path , it will be making use of a compass and map more interactive , and that's when the compass is becoming something very valuable .
TYPE OF COMPASS
Have a good compass compass housing containing a liquid , the liquid hold a compass needle , so we did not have too memeggang compass to position truly silent . Avoid buying a compass that does not have the liquid inside the compass .The compass needle has two colors , if the compass is held flat , the red part will lead to the north and the south towards white . The interesting thing is the nothern and southern hemisphere compass . It was a necessity due to the fact of the magnetic field lines , which is where the installation of a compass needle , to show the angle of the earth on the northern and southern magnetic poles . In the northern hemisphere the north end of the compass needle is attracted towards the bottom , and the north end of a compass needle pengantisipasi balance . If we use a northern hemisphere compass , say Australia , the north end of the magnet will be attracted towards the bottom of the magnetic field , and also more severe than in the north end - this makes directional compass needle and move to the bottom of the compass if the compas on hold horizontal . Good compass will last a long time . however , sometimes there is something wrong with the compass , the plastic component is damaged , or leaking compass house . In a long time , the liquid inside the compass may be transformed into a blue -green color . And very rarely magnetic field of the compass needle is changed, for example the northern end erubah into the south end .
THERE ARE TWO KINDS baseplate compass .
1.BASE PLATE OR COMPASS protractor
This type of compass was developed by brothers Kjellstrm future era of World War II and consists of a quadrangular base disc , yand anah marked with red arrows that show the direction of the axis , and the compass that can be played are marked with angle ( 360 degrees to a full circle of the whole world , but only 400 in some European compass ) . At the bottom of the spinning of the compass are marked with arrows and sets of parallel lines on the arrows tandah . In addition there is also sometimes a rope to tie the compass on the wrist , hand size is to use a ruler to measure distances on the map , a magnifying glass to read maps better and examples of circles and triangles are used to make a mark on a map orieentaring course .
2 . THUMB COMPASS ( thumb compass )
In mid 1980'an , a top Swedish orienteers make alternative on the basis of disc -type compass with base attenuate the dial and put the strap on the compass that will be worn on the thumb . This compass is used on the left thumb , which attach to the map . The advantages of this system is a map and compass to be read as a single unit , map more easily and more quickly straightened out , plus your other hand free , the weakness is due to make a rather difficult kakuratannya bearing . Personal tendency is usually to decide which type of compass used ; pemedang orienteering world championships have been won by using two types of compass on .There are two basic skills required by the orienteer ie , orienting map and Counting Bearings .
COMPASS ORIENTATION FOR USING MAP
This is an easy skill , and also an important thing to use a compass . as follows :
Hold it horizontally mapPlace the compass on a flat field mapRotate the map until north line on the map ( can be found in two straight lines tipped arrows that indicate magnetic north or the top of the alphabet contained in the map is north on the map ) to the same as the north compass .Now the map has been oriented to the terrain . It makes it easier to read
CALCULATING BEARING
Each direction can be expressed as an angle that is connected to the north . In the military called " Azimuth " and bearing expressed as the number of degrees . Orienteer took this the easy way , by setting the angle of the compass and keep the compass needle , and it keeps them moving in the right direction . Instructions easy steps to set the bearing is on the basis of type baseplate compass is :
Place the compass on the map pointing direction leads to the goal .Rotate the compass housing so that the arrow mark located at the bottom of the plastic tegambar parallel with an arrow on the map ( make sure the eyes dart heading north instead of south ) .Separate pengganglah compass with a map and a map in front of us so the direction of travel so we lie ahead of us.Rotate the body so that the compass needle right at the bottom of the compass arrows .Choose a clear object located belt in front of us on our journey , repeat this prose ( this way we can around obstacles and stay on track for our bearing ) .
HOW THE IMPORTANCE OF A COMPASS ?
The most important equipment used in orienteering is the human brain . The other equipment is allowed and used in general , namely : Compass . Compass is very useful as a counter bearing and for the orientation of the map , making the map match the terrain . But perhaps , in almost many areas , to make a very easy and efficient path without a compass ( as an exception : it is very difficult to navigate in areas that lack natural signs without a compass ) . Only the legal compass used in orienteering . Altimeter is strictly prohibited and GPS units including those prohibited by the regulations . It is the clear statement that the GPS unit is very useful and very helpful tool , but when questioned what if every orienteer uses the GPS unit in each race ? Orienteering is an unusually interesting . For beginners in orienting , compulsory and need to know the basic knowledge compass and good at reading maps .
USE COMPASS IN AN INTERACTION WITH MAP
This is a very important lesson , and we should know it well . When we use a compass and map , then it will feel once the usefulness compass , and we will be able to navigate in unknown terrains with more accurate even without following the path. But it takes practice and experience , here we do not discuss the particulars of the map , because it is what you get on other subjects on this site . But this lesson will be bermafaat if we also have the ability to feel what the map .
Back to the lesson compass .In principle, this lesson is the same as before, we will use the map to find out which is true and not based on our intuition .
Hold the Map : In our first example , we look at a map created for orintasi , and this is very clear ? ? ? actually not well , let's look at the map that we make are fictitious in our imagination .
Towards Point : We will move from point A footpath crosses towards rock in B. Of course, to make this method to be successful we need to know exactly where we are at the point A . What do we do ? Lay the compass on the map so that no side of the compass at point A. The side should we use , the hand should be parallel with the direction of an arrow pointing the direction of travel . And then place the point B somewhere along the same side , the picture is like that . Of course , we can use the directional arrows , or one of the parallel lines , but usually , easier to use side . At this point , some instructors say that we have to use a pencil and draw the line sepajang our direction . But you should not , first , it takes time , both , if we get wet weather , will make us a map broken , or if it is windy , we may lose the map . We should keep a map ( preferably in a waterproof bag ) are transparent . And if it is windy in the arm or tie our backpacks . The most important thing is if we describe too many lines on the map , we will lose iniakan makes things detailed on the map .
It's time to be careful : The side of the compass , or the directional arrows also , should lead from point A to B. and again , if we melkukannya by one , we will go a different direction from the direction we should be headed. So always check again , beginners sometimes make mistakes at this point .
Take care and always place the compass on the map stedy : What will we do next is we have to straighten the line orientation and the orientation of the arrows map meridians . The lines on the map to the north , so , when we straighten the compass carefully from A to B , turn the compass housing so that the lines on the compass orientation parallel to the meridian line map . During this process , do not care about what happens to the compass needle . There are some serious errors that could happen here . Let us take the problem by taking the direction of his opponent first. We need to really understand where the north on the map , and be absolutely sure that the orientation of the arrows leading towards the north on the map . Normally , the north is the top of the map . Errors that may occur is to let the arrow orientation leads to the south of the map .
And then , note the side of the compass : If the sides leads along the line from A to B and then when we finished turning the compass , we will get an error in our direction , and we can make out of the lane . If we are sure to use the compass correctly , we can separate the compass with the map . And now , we can read the real bering of the compass , from the direction in which the compass direction penujuk met with arrows . Make sure if the compass is not spinning , before we reach the point B. The final step is the same as the previous lesson . Pegangalah compass on hand . And now we have to memegannya as flat as possible , so that the compass needle can spin freely . Then rotate the body so that the compass needle is parallel to the line in the compass . Mistakes again if we let the compass needle heading south . Red part of the compass needle should show the direction of north on the compass , or we will move in the opposite direction .
It's time to move : But to do it with optimum accuracy , we must do so in a way that is special as well . Hold the compass in hand , with the needle aligned with the orienting arrow direction , then aim at the target carefully as possible , at the direction of an arrow pointing to the direction of travel . Look for something that could be a sign on the destination field , and walk towards it . When moving make sure that the compass is not spinning . If we are in dense forest , we must always look for directions several times . In this way we expected the bus to point B safely . However , at the cage , or often what is called the magnetic declination .
DETERMINE DIRECTION WITHOUT COMPASS
We lost , totally lost . Standing somewhere we do not know , and we do not know where to go . We're in trouble , the first thing to remember is , Keep calm , think rationally , and we can survive for long periods without eating . What we need is water . It is more detail about the survival exist in other parts of this site . Here only discuss how to deal with the situation to find a way without a compass . What we got was , sun , stars, and nature around us . This page further discusses parts of the northern hemisphere of the earth , is actually 23.5 ° north , but the method described here can also apply in the southern hemisphere , but in some places it may be necessary to swap the north so south to be true . It is desirable that we can understand it .
For starters : It might be a good idea to climb up the hill , and conduct orientation on the natural surroundings . Try to look for signs of human life . If it does not find anything, we should try to find a good direction to start movement . if we do not have a map , try to draw it if we could look at the terrain in front of us , and try to mark where the north by way of using the method below . If we have questions , try to determine where we are , Remember , we do not have to climb the hill again we should not climb . Also we must be careful not to climb and a waste of energy because we were very tired . At times like this we should stay where we are . How to seek attention for there assistance on the part of survival at this site .
Let's start with the most accurate method :This method is needed at the sky in sunny conditions , and requires a lot of time . One of the advantages is that we do not need any equipment . All it takes is a stick with a length of approximately 1 meter , two small sticks or stones . Another stick or stone that needs a little something that can be sharpened and used as rope .
The morning , or at least before noon , the trick starts : Plug a long stick on the ground . And flat land should stick around . Now , we can put a small stick on the ground exactly where the tip of the shadow of the stick . Then tie the rope to the base of the stick , and the stick is also a small belt at each end
Source: http://www.mapala-upn-yk.org
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